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Thompson, Mildred Jean. (Jacksonville, FL, 1936-Atlanta, GA, 2003)
 

Bibliography and Exhibitions

MONOGRAPHS AND SOLO EXHIBITIONS:

Atlanta (GA). Goethe Institute.
In and out of Germany by MILDRED THOMPSON.
September 11-October 17, 1987.
Solo exhibition. [Reviews: L. Schworm, Art Papers, January/February 1988; Pam Perry, "The ear and the eye meet in the work of Mildred Thompson," Creative Loafing, Section 6B October 3, 1987.]

Duren (Germany). Leopold Hoesch Museum and Schloss Burgau.
MILDRED THOMPSON 'a life long exploration' 1936-2003.
April 26-June 14, 2009.
Exhib. cat., illus. Retrospective exhibition.

Jacksonville (FL). Jacksonville Museum of Contemporary Art.
MILDRED THOMPSON.
November 21-January 11, 1998.
Solo exhibition.

JACKSONVILLE (FL). Museum of Modern Art.
MILDRED J. THOMPSON.
1997.
Exhib. cat., illus. Large retrospective of 80 works.

Location unknown.
MILDRED THOMPSON: Paintings, Prints, & Sculpture.
January 9-February 17, 1992.
Solo exhibition. [[Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African-American Culture and History, Richard A. Long Papers, Box 27, Folder 4.] Invitation card.

Macon (GA). Tubman African American Museum.
Making the Invisible Visible: Photographs and Works on Paper by MILDRED THOMPSON.
April 16-June 26, 2010.
Solo exhibition. Mildred Thompson (1936-2003) was known for her work in a variety of media, including painting, drawing and printmaking, but this is the first public exhibition of her many photographs.

Stoloff, Carolyn and MILDRED THOMPSON (illus.).
In the Red Meadow.
New York: New Rivers Press, 1973.
Illustrated with drawings by Mildred Thompson.

THOMPSON, MILDRED.
Memoirs of an Artist.
1987.
In: SAGE A Scholarly Journal on Black Women, Vol. IV, No. 1 (Spring 1987):42-43.

THOMPSON, MILDRED.
The Gilly Willies.
Hamburg: Franz Berg, 1960.
Children's book, prepared while Thompson was an art student at the Fine Art Academy in Hamburg. She returned to the U.S. in 1961, but, after a brief stay, returned to Europe where she worked for most of the next two decades. Sq. 8vo, cloth binding, pictorial papered boards, pictorial d.j. Small edition.

Washington (DC). James A. Porter Gallery of Art, Howard University.
MILDRED THOMPSON.
1977.
Exhib. cat. Text by Thompson: "Mildred Thompson, Sculptor: Experiences of a Black Artist in Europe and the United States" is one of two primary sources on her education as an artist in Germany.

GENERAL BOOKS AND GROUP EXHIBITIONS:

ATLANTA (GA). Atlanta Arts Festival.
Can You Play change.
1997.
Interactive computer generated multimedia installation by Lynn Marshall-Linnemeier, Steve Guynup and Mildred Thompson.

ATLANTA (GA). City Gallery East.
African American Abstraction.
July-August 4, 2000.
Group exhibition. Artists in the exhibition included: Frank Bowling, Mildred Thompson, Joe Overstreet, Vandorn Hinnant, Freddie Styles, Jerald Ieans, Lance Lamont, Attiya Melton and Michael Scoffield.

ATLANTA (GA). City Gallery East.
Atlanta Collects / Women.
June 25-July 25, 2004.
Group exhibition of work by and about African American women featuring the works of Kofi Bailey, Elizabeth Catlett, Stephanie Jackson, D. E. Johnson, Donald Locke, Valerie Maynard, Nellie Mae Rowe, Freddie Styles, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, and others.

ATLANTA (GA). Clark Atlanta University Art Galleries.
Anima of the African Diaspora: The Feminine Presence.
April 27-December 17, 2004.
Curator Tina Dunkley. Includes 39 artists' work by and/or depicting black women. Artists include: Jim Alexander, John Biggers, Henry Bannarn, Lillian Blades, Elizabeth Catlett, Diane Edison, D.E. Johnson, Frederick Jones, Lois Mailou Jones, Stephanie Jackson, Sheila Pree, Susan Ross, Coreen Simpson, Hale Woodruff, Samella Lewis, Mildred Thompson, Charles White, Hattie Miles, Nellie Mae Rowe, and others.

ATLANTA (GA). Hammonds House Museum.
Atlanta Artists (Selected Works from the Permanent Collection) + New Works + New Acquisitions.
N.d. (c.1993).
(4 pp. including cover). Biographic exhibition checklist of thirty works with information on each of the 16 artists. Artists include: Zach Anderson, Arthur Carraway, Louis J. Delsarte, Tina Dunkley, VanDorn Hinnant, Jenelsie Holloway, Wadsworth Jarrell, Arturo Lindsay, Oliver Jackson, Lev Mills, James Phillips, John Riddle, Freddie Styles, Mildred Thompson, Larry Walker, Charles White. Single folding sheet (11 x 17 in.).

ATLANTA (GA). Museum of Contemporary Art of Georgia.
focus: artist collections.
May, 2006.
A selection of more than 70 works from the collections of the following Georgia artists: Larry Jens Anderson, Lucinda Bunnen, Susan Cofer, Kevin Cole, E. Wright Ledbetter, Katherine Mitchell, Freddie Styles, Larry Walker. Artists in the show: Benny Andrews, Radcliffe Bailey, Romare Bearden, Beverly Buchanan, Elizabeth Catlett, Kevin Cole, Terrance Corbin, Thornton Dial, David Driskell, Sam Gilliam, Kojo Griffin, John Hardrick, Lonnie Holley, Richard Hunt, Wadsworth Jarrell, Jacob Lawrence, Lynn Marshall-Linnemeier, Norma Morgan, Howardena Pindell, Rose Piper, Martin Puryear, John Riddle, Nellie Mae Rowe, Fazal Sheikh, Lorna Simpson, Freddie Styles, Mildred Thompson, Kara Walker, Larry Walker, Charles White

ATLANTA (GA). Rolling Stone Press.
Original Lithographs by African American Artists.
July 29-September 20, 2000.
Group exhibition of original lithographs created by Benny Andrews, Trena Banks, Mildred Thompson, Wadsworth Jarrell and others for Rolling Stone Press.

ATLANTA (GA). Sage.
Artists and Artisans.
Atlanta: Sage Women's Educational Press, 1987.
85 pp., photos, illus. Special issue of Sage: A scholarly journal of Black women Vol. 4, no. 1 (Spring 1987). Includes: Harriet Powers: portrait of a Black quilter / Gladys-Marie Frye; African-American women artists: an historical perspective / Arna Alexander Bontemps and Jacqueline Fonvielle-Bontemps; Afrofemcentrism in the art of Elizabeth Catlett and Faith Ringgold / Freida High Tesfagiorgis; Caneweaving : a nineteen-year quest / Annette Jones White;.Sometimes a poem is twenty years of memory, 1967-1987 / Carroll Parrott Blue; Portrait of self contemplating self: the narrative of a Black female artist / Malaika Favorite; Memoirs of an artist / Mildred Thompson; Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, sculptor / Blossom S. Kirschenbaum; The grande dame of Afro-American art: Lois Mailou Jones / Betty LaDuke; The International Sweethearts of Rhythm / Liz Sher; Nike Twins Seven Seven: Nigerian batik artist / Betty LaDuke; Ayoka Chenzira, filmmaker / Afua Kafi-Akua; Faith Ringgold : an American artist / Jacqueline Jones Royster.

ATLANTA (GA). Spelman College Museum.
Art Works from the Black Women's Collection.
June 22-29, 1987.
Group exhibition. Included: Emma Amos, Betty Blayton, Elizabeth Catlett, Tina Dunkley, Ann Gray, Akua McDaniel, Laurie Ourlicht, Joy Peters, Stephanie Pogue, Malkia Roberts, Jewel Simon, Mildred Thompson, Yvonne Thompson, Claudia Widdiss.

Blue River Gallery.
Stripping an Idea: Recent Abstract Works.
November 12, 1995-February 8, 1996.
Group exhibition. Included: Mildred Thompson (Particles, vitreograph 1993).

BONTEMPS, ARNA, ed.
Forever Free: Art by African-American Women 1862-1980.
Hampton: Hampton University and Stephenson Inc., Alexandria, VA, 1980.
214 pp. exhib. cat., 44 color plates, 4 b&w illus., plus b&w thumbnail photos of artists, checklist of 118 works, biogs., bibliogs., colls, exhibs. for each artist. Intro. David Driskell; intro. by Roslyn A. Walker, book-length text by Arna Bontemps and Jacqueline Fonvielle-Bontemps; afterword by Keith Morrison; biogs. by Alan M. Gordon (often with quotes from the artists.) Artists include: Rose Auld, Camille Billops, Betty Blayton, Vivian Browne, Selma Burke, Margaret Burroughs, Yvonne Catchings, Elizabeth Catlett, Catti, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Minnie Evans, Meta Fuller, Ethel Guest, Maren Hassinger, Adrienne Hoard, Varnette Honeywood, Margo Humphrey, Clementine Hunter, Suzanne Jackson, Marie Johnson-Calloway, Lois Mailou Jones, Vivian Key, Edmonia Lewis, Geraldine McCullough, Victoria Susan Meek, Eva Hamlin-Miller, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Winnie Owens, Delilah Pierce, Georgette Powell, Nancy Prophet, Helen Ramsaran, Faith Ringgold, Betye Saar, Augusta Savage, Sylvia Snowden, Shirley Stark, Ann Tanksley, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, Yvonne Tucker, Annie Walker, Laura Waring, Deborah Wilkins, Viola Wood, Shirley Woodson, Estella Wright, Barbara Zuber. [Traveled to: Center for Visual Arts, Normal, IL; Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL; Indianapolis Museum of Art.] [Review by Susan Willand Worteck, Feminist Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1. (Spring, 1982):97-108.] Large 4to, cloth, pictorial d.j. First ed.

DAKAR (Senegal). International Biennale.
A/Cross Currents: Synthesis in African American Abstract Painting / Croisements des parcours.
New York: Kenkeleba House, 1992.
48 pp. exhib. cat., 16 full-page color plates, checklist of 18 works, b&w photos of artists and biogs., exhibs., colls. for each of the 5 African American artists chosen to represent the U.S. in Dakar. Organized and also shown at Kenkelba House. Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Mildred J. Thompson, Frank Bowling, Joe Overstreet, Leonardo Drew. Extensive critical text by Corinne Jennings. In English / French. 4to, stapled wraps. First ed.

FAYETTEVILLE (NC). Walton Arts Center.
Images of America, African American Voices: Selections from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Darrell Walker.
January 9-March 27, 2004.
125 pp., 83 color plates, 1 b&w illus., plus color and b&w text photos, checklist of 64 works in all media, endnotes, bibliog. Text by Michael D. Harris. A very substantial collection. Artists include: Ron Adams, Charles Alston, Emma Amos, Radcliffe Bailey, Romare Bearden, Phoebe Beasley, Frank Bowling, Calvin Burnett, Nanette Carter, William S. Carter, Ed Clark, Kevin Cole, Robert Colescott, Tarrance D. Corbin, Allan Rohan Crite, Beauford Delaney, Joseph Delaney, Louis Delsarte, David Driskell, Edward J. Dwight, Michael Ellison, Herbert Gentry, Sam Gilliam, Luther Hampton, Margo Humphrey, Richard Hunt, Bill Hutson, Lois Mailou Jones, Gwendolyn Knight, Jacob Lawrence, Henri Linton, Juan Logan, Juan Logan, Whitfield Lovell, Alvin D. Loving, Clarence Morgan, Reginald McGhee, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, James Phillips, Alison Saar, Betye Saar, Ray Saunders, John T. Scott, Charles Searles, Charles Sebree, A. J. Smith, Cedric Smith, Frank E. Smith, John H. Smith, Bill Taylor, Mildred J. Thompson, Dudley Vaccianna, James Vanderzee, Larry Walker, Joyce Wellman, William T. Williams. [Traveled to Tubman African American Museum, Macon, GA, July 23-September 26, 2004; Diggs Gallery, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC, June 11-September 17, 2005.] Oblong 4to, pictorial wraps. First ed.

GREENSBORO (NC). H. C. Taylor Gallery of Art, North Carolina A&T State University.
15 Afro-American Women.
February 26-March 26, 1978.
Unpag. exhib. cat., photos and brief biogs. of all artists. Includes: Alma S. Adams, Vivian E. Browne, Mable C. Bullock, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Janice Davis, Ethel D. Guest, Lana T. Henderson, Caryl A. Henry (as Cheryl), Varnette P. Honeywood, Earnestine Huff, Suzanne Jackson, Kai Kambel, Sharon E. Sutton, Mildred Thompson, Glenda K. Wharton.

HAMPTON (VA). Hampton University.
The International Review of African American Art Vol. 6, no. 4. Special Issue on Printmaking.
1985.
63 pp. Long and richly illustrated article by Samella Lewis and Bob Biddle, approx. 28 b&w illus., 30 excellent color plates. Also contains article by Maudra Jones on the Printmaking Workshop of New York City. Women artists include: Elizabeth Catlett, Margo Humphrey, Stephanie Pogue, Mildred Thompson, Camille Billops, Marva Cremer, Joyce Wellman. 4to, wraps.

HARLEY, RALPH L., JR.
Checklist of Afro-American Art and Artists.
1970.
In: Serif 7 (December 1970):3-63. What could have been the foundation of future scholarship is unfortunately marred by errors of all kinds and the inclusion of numerous white artists. All Black artists are cross-referenced.

HARTFORD (CT). CRT's Craftery Gallery.
In Celebration of the Samella S. Lewis Collection.
June, 1991.
Group exhibition. Seems to have included: Ed Johnetta Miller, Herman Kofi Bailey, Richmond Barthé, Romare Bearden, John Biggers, David Butler, Elizabeth Catlett, Floyd Coleman, Palmer Hayden, Leon Hicks, Margo Humphrey, Clementine Hunter, Jacob Lawrence, Noah Purifoy, Betye Saar, Howard Smith, Mildred Thompson, Mose Tolliver, Ruth Waddy.

KING-HAMMOND, LESLIE and bell hooks.
Gumbo Ya Ya: An Anthology of Contemporary African American Women Artists.
New York: Midmarch Arts Press, 1995.
351 pp., over 300 illus. (11 in color), photo and /or illus., biogs., exhibs., and brief critical text for each artist, index. Intro. by Leslie King-Hammond. Essential reference listing of 152 women artists with brief entries by African American scholars and curators; more than a dozen others are mentioned in passing (see below primary list.) It should be mentioned that most performance artists, filmmakers, video artists, folk artists, quilters, most photographers, illustrators, and other categories such as the entire new generation of artists established in the decade preceding publication are omitted. Artists included in the primary listings: Emma Amos, Rose Auld, Xenobia Bailey, Mildred Baldwin, Ellen Banks, Trena Banks, Phoebe Beasley, Camille Billops, Betty Blayton, Lula Mae Blocton, Kabuya P. Bowens, Brenda Branch, Kay Brown, Vivian Browne, Beverly Buchanan, Selma Burke, Millie Burns, Margaret Burroughs, Carole Byard, Carol Ann Carter, Nanette Carter, Yvonne Pickering Carter, Yvonne Catchings, Elizabeth Catlett, Catti, Robin Chandler, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Marie Cochran, Virginia Cox, Pat Cummings, Mary Reed Daniel, Juette Day, Nadine DeLawrence, Julee Dickerson-Thompson, Marita Dingus, Yanla Dozier, Tina Dunkley, Malaika Favorite, Violet Fields, Ibibio Fundi, Olivia Gatewood, Jan Spivey Gilchrist, Michele Godwin, Gladys Barker Grauer, Renée Green, Ethel Guest, Cheryl Hanna, Inge Hardison, Bessie Harvey, Maren Hassinger, Cynthia Hawkins, Janet Henry, Candace Hill-Montgomery, Adrienne Hoard, Robin Holder, Jenelsie Holloway, Jacqui Holmes, Varnette Honeywood, Mildred Howard, Margo Humphrey, Irmagean, Suzanne Jackson, Martha Jackson-Jarvis, Marie Johnson-Calloway, Marva Lee Pitchford Jolly, Lois Mailou Jones, Barbara Jones-Hogu, Kai Kambel, Margaret Slade Kelly, Gwendolyn Knight, Ruth Lampkins, Artis Lane, Viola Leak, Dori Lemeh, Mary Le Ravin, Rosalind Letcher, Edmonia Lewis, Samella Lewis, Marcia Lloyd, Fern Logan, Lynn Marshall-Linnemeier, Valerie Maynard, Dindga McCannon, Geraldine McCullough, Vivian McDuffie, Joanne McFarland, Vicki Meek, Yvonne Meo, Eva Hamlin Miller, Corinne Howard Mitchell, Evangeline Montgomery, Norma Morgan, Lillian Morgan-Lewis, Jeanne Moutoussamy-Ashe, Deborah Muirhead, Sana Musasama, Marilyn Nance, Senga Nengudi, Lorraine O'Grady, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Winifred Owens-Hart, Sandra Payne, Janet Taylor Pickett, Delilah Williams Pierce, Howardena Pindell, Adrian Piper, Rose Piper, Stephanie Pogue, Georgette Seabrooke Powell, Debra Priestly, Mavis Pusey, Helen Ramsaran, Patricia Ravarra, Faith Ringgold, Malkia Roberts, Aminah Robinson, Sandra Rowe, Alison Saar, Betye Saar, Eve Sandler, Joanne Scott, Joyce J. Scott, Cheryl Shackleton, Yolanda Sharpe, Gail Shaw-Clemons, Jewel Simon, Coreen Simpson, Lorna Simpson, Clarissa Sligh, Gilda Snowden, Sylvia Snowden, Shirley Stark, Janet Stewart, Renée Stout, Elisabeth Sunday, Ann Tanksley, Vivian Tanner, Anna Tate, Evelyn Terry, Freida High Tesfagiorgis, Alma Thomas, Barbara Thomas, Mildred Thompson, Renée Townsend, Yvonne Tucker, Ruth Waddy, Denise Ward-Brown, Fan Warren, Bisa Washington, Mary Washington, Joyce Wellman, Adell Westbrook, Linda Whitaker, Pat Ward Williams, Philemona Williamson, Deborah Willis, Shirley Woodson, [OTHERS mentioned in passing or in footnotes include the following: May Howard Jackson, Meta Warrick Fuller, Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, Annie Walker, Laura Waring, Irene Clark, Clementine Hunter, Harriet Powers, Gladys-Marie Fry, Cuesta Benberry, Rosalind Jeffries [as Roslind], Sister Gertrude Morgan, Inez Nathaniel-Walker, Nellie Mae Rowe, Mary T. Smith, Grannie Dear Williams. Mentions artists the editors hoped to include, but who weren't for various reasons: Amalia Amaki, Jacqueline Bontemps, Ora Williams Carter, Marva Cremer, Pat Davis, Terry Furchgott, Kira Harris, Ruth Beckman Holloman, May Howard, Dolores Johnson, Jean Lacy, Toni Lane, Laurie Ourlicht, Virginia Smit, Ming Smith, Phyllis Thompson, Deborah Wilkins, and Viola M. Wood.] 4to (11 x 8.5 in ), wraps. First ed.

LANCASTER (PA). Phillips Museum of Art, Franklin & Marshall College.
Something to Look Forward To.
March 26-June 27, 2004.
viii, 60 pp. exhib. cat., color illus., bibliog. Curated by Bill Hutson; texts by April Kingsley, Franklin Sirmans, and Geoffrey Jacques. An exhibition featuring abstract art by 22 American artists of African descent who have been exhibiting for three decades. Includes: Betty Blayton, Frank Bowling, Yvonne Pickering Carter, Edward Clark, Melvin Edwards, Sam Gilliam, David Hammons, Gerald Jackson, Lawrence Compton Kolawole, Alvin Loving, Richard Mayhew, Sam Middleton, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Joe Overstreet, Howardena Pindell, Helen Evans Ramsaran, John T. Scott, Sylvia Snowden, the late Mildred Thompson, Jack Whitten, William T. Williams, and Frank Wimberley. [Traveling exhibition. Other venues included Heckscher Museum, Long Island, NY; California African-American Museum, Los Angeles; Lowe Museum, University of Miami; Beach Museum of Art, February 5-April 2, 2006; Morris Museum of Art, Augusta, GA, March 22-May 25, 2008.) Sq. 8vo (26 cm.; 10 x 9.1 in.), wraps. First ed.

LAS CRUCES (NM). Las Cruces Museum of Fine Art & Culture.
Looking Ahead: Portraits from the Mott-Warsh Collection.
November 21, 2010-January 30, 2011.
Group exhibition. Curated by Camille Ann Brewer. Includes work by: Charles Alston, Romare Bearden, John Biggers, Elizabeth Catlett, Chuck Close, Diane Edison, Chester Higgins, Jr., Whitfield Lovell, Allie McGhee, Hank Willis Thomas, Mildred Thompson, Charles White, Peter Williams, John Wilson, Richard Wyatt, Jr., and Richard Yarde. [Traveling exhibition: Art Museum of South Texas, Corpus Christi, February 11-May 8, 2011, and other venues.] .]

Lewis, Samella, ed.
Black Art: an international quarterly Vol. 1, No. 3 (Spring 1977).
1977.
68 pp., b&w and color illus. Articles include: Festac '77; Wilmer James: A Room Full of Paintings; Dana Chandler: Pan-African Artist; Sculptor Mildred Thompson's experiences in Europe and United States; Alvin Hollingsworth: 12 Hints on Collecting African American Art; Carroll Parrott Blue portfolio; Profile: Varnette Honeywood; Kojo Fosu: Contemporary African Art (5 illus. and partial exhibition checklist); Adolphus Ealey: The Architecture of the Somba People. Artwork by: Dana Chandler, Mildred Thompson, Varnette Honeywood, Zarihum Ytmgts, Kodjo Michel, Affowerk Tekie, Weta Weta, plus photographs by Carroll Blue, photographs of architecture of the Somba People, Festac '77 photos by Claude Lewis and J. Fletcher Thompson. 4to, wraps.

Lewis, Samella, ed.
Black Art: an international quarterly Vol. 2, No. 3 (1978).
1978.
72 pp., 17 color plates, numerous b&w illus., and color ads. Articles include: I Too; Am America: Protest and Black Power - Philosophical Continuities in Prints by Black Americans (by Richard Powell); The Art of Stanley Wilson (by Dorothy Katz); Towards an Aesthetic Toughness in Afro American Art (by Floyd Coleman); Is Black Art for Real? (by Yvonne Parks Catchings); Profile of Carmen McRae (by Jeanne King). Artwork by: Phillip Mason, Mildred Thompson, Sam Middleton, Robert Blackburn, Albert A. Smith, Charles White, John Wilson, Walter Williams, Dox Thrash, Samella Lewis, Elizabeth Catlett, Lev Mills, Leon Hicks, David Hammons, Dan Concholar, Barbara Jones-Hogu, Frank Smith, Ademola Olugebefola, Russell T. Gordon, Margo Humphrey, Phyllis Thompson, Ruth Waddy, Stanley Wilson, Jacob Lawrence, Reginald Gammon, Herman Bailey, Cleveland Bellow; photographs by Guille Roland of jazz singer Carmen McRae, and documentary photography. 4to, wraps.

LONG, RICHARD, et al.
African American Works on Paper from the Cochran Collection.
Lagrange, 1991.
74 pp., 47 full-page illus. (6 in color), biogs. of 64 artists in this substantial collection. Intro. by Richard Long; texts by Judith Wilson, Camille Billops, Robert Blackburn. Includes 66 major 20th-century artists (including 16 women artists and a few less well-known artists): Charles Alston, Emma Amos, Benny Andrews, Trena Banks, Romare Bearden, John Biggers, Camille Billops, Betty Blayton, Moe Brooker, Vivian Browne, Beverly Buchanan, Selma Burke, Nanette Carter, Elizabeth Catlett, Ed Clark, Eldzier Cortor, Ernest Crichlow, Allan Rohan Crite, John Dowell, Allan Edmunds, Melvin Edwards, Elton Fax, Herbert Gentry, Sam Gilliam, Maren Hassinger, Manuel Hughes, Richard Hunt, Wilmer Jennings, Lois Mailou Jones, Mohammad Khalil, Ronald Joseph, Jacob Lawrence, Norman Lewis, James Little, Whitfield Lovell, Al Loving, Richard Mayhew, Norma Morgan, Frank Neal, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Joe Overstreet, Howardena Pindell, Stephanie Pogue, Richard Powell, Mavis Pusey, Faith Ringgold, Aminah Robinson, Betye Saar, Al Smith, Walter Agustus Simon, Morgan Smith, Marvin Smith, Vincent Smith, Luther Stovall, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, James Lesesne Wells, Charles White, Jack Whitten, Walter Williams, William T. Williams, John Wilson, Hale Woodruff, Hartwell Yeargans. [16+ venue touring exhibition beginning at: Lamar Dodd Art Center, LaGrange College, La Grange, GA, March 3-31, 1991; Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, SC; Lauren Rogers Museum, Laurel, MI; Hickory Museum of Art, Hickory, NC; Museum of the South, Mobile, AL; Museum of Arts and Sciences, Macon, GA; Greenville Museum of Art, Greenville, SC; Danville Museum of Fine Arts and History, Danville, VA; Gadsden Museum of Art, Gadsden, AL; Polk Museum of Art, Lakeland, FL; Gibbes Museum of Art, Charleston, SC; Cleveland Institute of Art, Cleveland, OH; York County Museum of Art, Rock Hill, SC; Pensacola Museum of Art, Pensacola, FL; Marietta-Cobb Museum of Art, Marietta, GA; Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN; Miami Univeristy Museum of Art, Oxford, OH; Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA; Jacksonville Museum of Art, Jacksonville, FL; William and Mary College, Williamsburg, VA; Northwest Visual Arts Center, Panama City, FL; Gertrude Herbert Institute, Augusta, GA; Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO; Beach Museum of Art, Manhattan, KS; Montgomery Museum of Art, Montgomery, AL; New Visions Gallery, Atlanta, GA.] 4to (28 cm.), wraps. First ed.

LOS ANGELES (CA). Womanhouse.
Cross Pollination.
July 6-August 3, 1979.
Group exhibition. Co-curator Samella Lewis. Included Elizabeth Catlett, Mildred Thompson.

NASHVILLE (TN). Fisk University.
The Afro-American Collection, Fisk University.
1976.
64 pp. exhib. cat., illus., brief biogs., checklist of works by 63 artists in the Fisk University Collection as of 1976. Pref. by Robert L. Hall; text by David C. Driskell. Artists include: Skunder Boghossian, Ellen Bond, Jacqueline Bontemps, Michael Borders, Elizabeth Catlett, Claude Clark, Samuel Countee, Ralph Arnold, William Artis, Richmond Barthé, Romare Bearden, G. Caliman Coxe, Allan Crite, Dante (Donald Graham), Jeff Donaldson, Lilian Dorsey, Aaron Douglas, John Dowell, David Driskell, Elton Fax, Wilhelmina Godfrey [as Godfrey Wilhelmina], Clementine Hunter, Louise Jefferson, Adrienne Jenkins, Wilmer Jennings, Palmer Hayden, Earl J. Hooks, Manuel Hughes, Ben Jones, Malvin Gray Johnson, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Ben Jones, Jacob Lawrence, Sam Middleton, James Miles, Keith Morrison, Roderick Owens, James Phillips, Stephanie Pogue, James Porter, Martin Puryear, Gregory Ridley, Leo Robinson, William E. Scott, John Scott, Albert A. Smith, Vincent Smith, David Stephens, Nelson Stevens, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Bill Traylor, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, James Wells, Charles White, Benjamin Wigfall, Walter Williams, William T. Williams, Ellis Wilson, Viola Wood, Hale Woodruff, Charles Young. 4to (28 cm.), wraps.

NEW YORK (NY). Kenkeleba House.
The Search for Freedom: African American Abstract Painting 1945-1975.
Thru July 14, 1991.
139 pp., 62 mostly full-page color plates, 3 b&w illus., extensive footnotes. 80 works by 37 artists with short bios. and exhibs. for each (including 8 women artists.) Only 63 of the works were actually exhibited. Texts by Ann Gibson, Steve Cannon, Frank Bowling and Thomas McEvilley. An important and ground-breaking book. Artists: Charles Alston, Romare Bearden, Betty Blayton-Taylor, Frank Bowling, Peter Bradley, Vivian Browne, Ed Clark, Adger Cowans, Beauford Delaney, Sam Gilliam, Ray Grist, Bill Hutson, Zell Ingram, Gerald Jackson, Harlan Jackson, Daniel Larue Johnson, Ronald Joseph, Larry Compton Kolawole, Norman Lewis, Al Loving, Richard Mayhew, Algernon Miller, Mary Lovelace O'Neal, Joe Overstreet, Howardena Pindell, Rose Piper, Robert Reid, Haywood Bill Rivers, Thomas Sills, Thelma Johnson Streat, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, William White, Jack Whitten, William T. Williams, Frank Wimberley, Hale Woodruff. [Review by Roberta Smith "African American Abstraction, An Exploration," NYT, June 28, 1991.] 4to, laminated papered boards. First ed.

NEW YORK (NY). Studio Museum in Harlem.
Impressions/Expressions: Black American Graphics.
October 7, 1979-January 6, 1980.
56 pp. exhib. cat., illus., biogs., bibliog. Substantial intro. by curator Richard Powell. Includes: Emma Amos, Casper Banjo, Cleveland Bellow, Bob Blackburn, Elmer Brown, Grafton Tyler Brown, Sam Brown, Calvin Burnett, Margaret Burroughs, Carole Byard, Elizabeth Catlett, Claude Clark, Sr., Dan Concholar, Alonzo Davis, John Dowell, Allan Edmunds, Marion Epting, Kenneth Falana, Russell Gordon, Raymond Grist, David Hammons, Leon Hicks, Raymond Holbert, Jacqui Holmes, Margo Humphrey, Wilmer Jennings, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, Winston Kennedy, Hughie Lee-Smith, Samella Lewis, Jules Lion, Percy Martin, Valerie Maynard, Lev Mills, Jay Moon, Scipio Moorhead, Norma Morgan, Nefertiti, Ademola Olugebefola, Patrick Reason, Joe Ross, Saar, Charles Sallee, A. J. Smith, Albert A. Smith, Frank Smith, George Smith, William Smith, Raymond Steth, Lou Stovall, Sharon Sutton, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Mildred Thompson; Phyllis Thompson, Dox Thrash, Ruth Waddy, Bobby Walls, James Lesesne Wells, Charles White, Walter H. Williams, John Wilson, Hale Woodruff, Stephanie Pogue, Calvin Reid. [Traveled to: Gallery of Art, Howard University, Washington, DC, February 10-March 28, 1980.] 8vo (23 cm.), wraps. Errata slip.

NEW YORK (NY). Wilmer Jennings Gallery at Kenkeleba.
Abstraction + Abstraction.
February 21-April 24, 2010.
Group exhibition. Included: Charles Alston, Robert Blackburn, Vivian E. Browne, Richard Dempsey, Sam Gilliam, Richard Hunt, Clifford Jackson, Harlan Jackson, Larry Compton Kolawole, Norman Lewis, Al Loving, William Majors, Earl B. Miller, Larry Potter, Haywood Bill Rivers, Thelma Johnson Streat, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, Hale Woodruff, Betty Blayton, Frank Bowling, Ed Clark, Herbert Gentry, Bill Hutson, Sam Middleton, Joe Overstreet, Thomas Sills, Merton Simpson, and Frank Wimberley.

RIGGS, THOMAS, ed.
St. James Guide to Black Artists.
Detroit: St. James Press, 1997.
xxiv, 625 pp., illus. A highly selective reference work listing only approximately 400 artists of African descent worldwide (including around 300 African American artists, approximately 20% women artists.) Illus. of work or photos of many artists, brief descriptive texts by well-known scholars, with selected list of exhibitions for each, plus many artists' statements. A noticeable absence of many artists under 45, most photographers, and many women artists. Far fewer artists listed here than in Igoe, Cederholm, or other sources. Stout 4to (29 cm.), laminated yellow papered boards. First ed.

SPRADLING, MARY MACE.
In Black and White: Afro-Americans in Print.
Kalamazoo: Kalamazoo Public Library, 1980.
2 vols. 1089 pp. Includes: John H. Adams, Ron Adams, Alonzo Aden, Muhammad Ali, Baba Alabi Alinya, Charles Alston, Charlotte Amevor, Benny Andrews, Ralph Arnold, William Artis, Ellsworth Ausby, Jacqueline Ayer, Calvin Bailey, Jene Ballentine, Casper Banjo, Henry Bannarn, Edward Bannister, Dutreuil Barjon, Ernie Barnes, Carolyn Plaskett Barrow, Richmond Barthé, Beatrice Bassette, Ad Bates, Romare Bearden, Phoebe Beasley, Roberta Bell, Cleveland Bellow, Ed Bereal, Arthur Berry, DeVoice Berry, Cynthia Bethune, Charles Bible, John Biggers, Camille Billops, Bob Blackburn, Irving Blaney, Bessie Blount, Gloria Bohanon, Leslie Bolling, Shirley Bolton, Charles Bonner, Michael Borders, John Borican, Earl Bostic, Augustus Bowen, David Bowser, David Bradford, Edward Brandford, Brumsic Brandon, William Braxton, Arthur Britt Sr., Benjamin Britt, Sylvester Britton, Elmer Brown, Fred Brown, Kay Brown, Margery Brown, Richard L. Brown, Samuel Brown, Vivian Browne, Henry Brownlee, Linda Bryant, Starmanda Bullock, Juana Burke, Selma Burke, Eugene Burkes, Viola Burley, Calvin Burnett, John Burr, Margaret Burroughs, Nathaniel Bustion, Sheryle Butler, Elmer Simms Campbell, Thomas Cannon, Nick Canyon, Edward Carr, Art Carraway, Ted Carroll, Joseph S. Carter, William Carter, Catti, George Washington Carver, Yvonne Catchings, Elizabeth Catlett, Mitchell Caton, Dana Chandler, Kitty Chavis, George Clack, Claude Clark, Ed Clark, J. Henrik Clarke, Leroy Clarke, Ladybird Cleveland, Floyd Coleman, Donald Coles, Margaret Collins, Paul Collins, Sam Collins, Dan Concholar, Arthur Coppedge, Wallace X. Conway, Leonard Cooper, William A. Cooper, Eldzier Cortor, Samuel Countee, Harold Cousins, William Craft, Cleo Crawford, Marva Cremer, Ernest Crichlow, Allan Crite, Jerrolyn Crooks, Harvey Cropper, Doris Crudup, Robert Crump, Dewey Crumpler, Frank E. Cummings, Benjamin Cureton, William Curtis, Mary Reed Daniel, Alonzo Davis, Charles Davis, Willis "Bing" Davis, Dale Davis, Howard Davis, Charles C. Dawson, Juette Day, Thomas Day, Roy DeCarava, Paul DeCroom, Avel DeKnight, Beauford Delaney, Joseph Delaney, Richard Dempsey, Murry DePillars, Robert D'Hue, Kenneth Dickerson, Leo Dillon, Leo Dobard, Raymond Dobard, Vernon Dobard, Tamara Dobson, Jeff Donaldson, Aaron Douglas, Emory Douglas, Robert Douglass, Glanton Dowdell, David Driskell, Yolande Du Bois, Robert Duncanson, Eugenia Dunn, John Dunn, Adolphus Ealey, Eugene Eda, Melvin Edwards, Gaye Elliington, Annette Ensley, Marion Epting, Minnie Evans, Frederick Eversley, James Fairfax, Kenneth Falana, Allen Fannin, John Farrar, William Farrow, Elton Fax, Muriel Feelings, Tom Feelings, Frederick Flemister, Mikelle Fletcher, Curt Flood, Thomas Floyd, Doyle Foreman, Mozelle Forte (costume and fabric designer), Amos Fortune, Mrs. C.R. Foster, Inez Fourchard, John Francis, Miriam Francis, Allan Freelon, Meta Warrick Fuller, Perry Fuller, Stephany Fuller, Gale Fulton-Ross, Ibibio Fundi, Alice Gafford, Otis Galbreath, West Gale, Reginald Gammon, Jim Gary, Herbert Gentry, Joseph Geran, Jimmy Gibbez, Sam Gilliam, Robert Glover, Manuel Gomez, Russell Gordon, Rex Goreleigh, Bernard Goss, Samuel Green, William Green, Donald Greene, Joseph Grey, Ron Griffin, Eugene Grigsby, Henry Gudgell, Charles Haines, Clifford Hall, Horathel Hall, Wesley Hall, David Hammons, James Hampton, Phillip Hampton, Lorraine Hansberry, Marvin Harden, Arthur Hardie, Inge Hardison, John Hardrick, Edwin Harleston, William A. Harper, Gilbert Harris, James Harris, John Harris, Maren Hassinger, Isaac Hathaway, Frank Hayden, Kitty Hayden, Palmer Hayden, Vertis Hayes, Wilbur Haynie, Dion Henderson, Ernest Herbert, Leon Hicks, Hector Hill, Tony Hill, Geoffrey Holder, Al Hollingsworth, Varnette Honeywood, Earl Hooks, Humbert Howard, James Howard, Raymond Howell, Julien Hudson, Manuel Hughes, Margo Humphrey, Thomas Hunster, Richard Hunt, Clementine Hunter, Norman Hunter, Orville Hurt, Bill Hutson, Nell Ingram, Tanya Izanhour, Ambrose Jackson, Earl Jackson, May Jackson, Nigel Jackson, Suzanne Jackson, Walter Jackson, Louise Jefferson, Ted Joans, Daniel Johnson, Lester L. Johnson, Jr., Malvin Gray Johnson, Marie Johnson, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Joshua Johnston, Barbara Jones, Ben Jones, Calvin Jones, Frederick D. Jones Jr., James Arlington Jones, Lawrence Jones, Lois Mailou Jones, Eddie Jack Jordan, Ronald Joseph, Lemuel Joyner, Paul Keene, Elyse J. Kennart, Joseph Kersey, Gwendolyn Knight, Lawrence Compton Kolawole, Oliver LaGrone, Artis Lane, Doyle Lane, Raymond Lark, Lewis H. Latimer, Jacob Lawrence, Clarence Lawson, Bertina Lee, Joanna Lee, Peter Lee, Hughie Lee-Smith, Leon Leonard, Curtis Lewis, Edmonia Lewis, James Edward Lewis, Norman Lewis, Samella Lewis, Charles Lilly, Henri Linton, Jules Lion, Romeyn Lippman, Tom Lloyd, Jon Lockard, Juan Logan, Willie Longshore, Ed Loper, Ed Love, Al Loving, Geraldine McCullough, Lawrence McGaugh, Charles McGee, Donald McIlvaine, Harvey McLemore, James McMillan, William McNeil, Lloyd McNeill, David Mann, William Marshall, Helen Mason, Philip Mason, Winifred Mason, Calvin Massey, Lester (Nathan) Mathews, William Maxwell, Richard Mayhew, Valerie Maynard, Yvonne Meo, Sam Middleton, Onnie Millar, Aaron Miller, Eva Miller, Lev Mills, P'lla Mills, Evangeline J. Montgomery, Arthur Monroe, Frank Moore, Ron Moore, Scipio Moorhead, Norma Morgan, Ken Morris, Calvin Morrison, Jimmie Mosely, Leo Moss, Lottie Moss, Archibald Motley, Hugh Mulzac, Frank Neal, George Neal, Otto Neals, Shirley Nero, Effie Newsome, Nommo, George Norman, Georg Olden, Ademola Olugebefola, Conora O'Neal (fashion designer), Cora O'Neal, Lula O'Neal, Pearl O'Neal, Ron O'Neal, Hayward Oubré, John Outterbridge, Carl Owens, Lorenzo Pace, Alvin Paige, Robert Paige, William Pajaud, Denise Palm, Norman Parish, Jules Parker, James Parks, Edgar Patience, Angela Perkins, Marion Perkins, Michael Perry, Jacqueline Peters, Douglas Phillips, Harper Phillips, Delilah Pierce, Howardena Pindell, Horace Pippin, Julie Ponceau, James Porter, Leslie Price, Ramon Price, Nelson Primus, Nancy Prophet, Noah Purifoy, Teodoro Ramos Blanco y Penita, Otis Rathel, Patrick Reason, William Reid, John Rhoden, Barbara Chase-Riboud, William Richmond, Percy Ricks, Gary Rickson, John Riddle, Gregory Ridley, Faith Ringgold, Malkia Roberts, Brenda Rogers, Charles Rogers, George Rogers, Arthur Rose, Nancy Rowland, Winfred Russell, Mahler Ryder, Betye Saar, Charles Sallee, Marion Sampler, John Sanders, Walter Sanford, Raymond Saunders, Augusta Savage, William E. Scott, Charles Sebree, Thomas Sills, Carroll Simms, Jewel Simon, Walter Simon, Merton Simpson, William H. Simpson, Louis Slaughter, Gwen Small, Albert A. Smith, Alvin Smith, Hughie Lee-Smith, John Henry Smith, Jacob Lawrence, John Steptoe, Nelson Stevens, Edward Stidum, Elmer C. Stoner, Lou Stovall, Henry O. Tanner, Ralph Tate, Betty Blayton Taylor, Della Taylor, Bernita Temple, Herbert Temple, Alma Thomas, Elaine Thomas, Larry Thomas, Carolyn Thompson, Lovett Thompson, Mildred Thompson, Mozelle Thompson, Robert (Bob) Thompson, Dox Thrash, Neptune Thurston, John Torres, Nat Turner, Leo Twiggs, Bernard Upshur, Royce Vaughn, Ruth Waddy, Anthony Walker, Earl Walker, Larry Walker, William Walker, Daniel Warburg, Eugene Warburg, Carole Ward, Laura Waring, Mary P. Washington, James Watkins, Lawrence Watson, Edward Webster, Allen A. Weeks, Robert Weil, James Wells, Pheoris West, Sarah West, John Weston, Delores Wharton, Amos White, Charles White, Garrett Whyte, Alfredus Williams, Chester Williams, Douglas R. Williams, Laura Williams, Matthew Williams, Morris Williams, Peter Williams, Rosetta Williams (as Rosita), Walter Williams, William T. Williams, Ed Wilson, Ellis Wilson, Fred Wilson, John Wilson, Stanley Wilson, Vincent Wilson, Hale Woodruff, Bernard Wright, Charles Young, Kenneth Young, Milton Young. [Note the 3rd edition consists of two volumes published by Gale Research in 1980, with a third supplemental volume issued in 1985.] Large stout 4tos, cloth. 3rd revised expanded edition.

ST LOUIS (MO). St. Louis Public Library.
An index to Black American artists.
St. Louis: St. Louis Public Library, 1972.
50 pp. Also includes art historians such as Henri Ghent. In this database, only artists are cross-referenced. 4to (28 cm.)

THOMISON, DENNIS.
The Black Artist in America: An Index to Reproductions.
Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1991.
Includes: index to Black artists, bibliography (including doctoral dissertations and audiovisual materials.) Many of the dozens of spelling errors and incomplete names have been corrected in this entry and names of known white artists omitted from our entry, but errors may still exist in this entry, so beware: Jesse Aaron, Charles Abramson, Maria Adair, Lauren Adam, Ovid P. Adams, Ron Adams, Terry Adkins, (Jonathan) Ta Coumba T. Aiken, Jacques Akins, Lawrence E. Alexander, Tina Allen, Pauline Alley-Barnes, Charles Alston, Frank Alston, Charlotte Amevor, Emma Amos (Levine), Allie Anderson, Benny Andrews, Edmund Minor Archer, Pastor Argudin y Pedroso [as Y. Pedroso Argudin], Anna Arnold, Ralph Arnold, William Artis, Kwasi Seitu Asante [as Kwai Seitu Asantey], Steve Ashby, Rose Auld, Ellsworth Ausby, Henry Avery, Charles Axt, Roland Ayers, Annabelle Bacot, Calvin Bailey, Herman Kofi Bailey, Malcolm Bailey, Annabelle Baker, E. Loretta Ballard, Jene Ballentine, Casper Banjo, Bill Banks, Ellen Banks, John W. Banks, Henry Bannarn, Edward Bannister, Curtis R. Barnes, Ernie Barnes, James MacDonald Barnsley, Richmond Barthé, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Daniel Carter Beard, Romare Bearden, Phoebe Beasley, Falcon Beazer, Arthello Beck, Sherman Beck, Cleveland Bellow, Gwendolyn Bennett, Herbert Bennett, Ed Bereal, Arthur Berry, Devoice Berry, Ben Bey, John Biggers, Camille Billops, Willie Birch, Eloise Bishop, Robert Blackburn, Tarleton Blackwell, Lamont K. Bland, Betty Blayton, Gloria Bohanon, Hawkins Bolden, Leslie Bolling, Shirley Bolton, Higgins Bond, Erma Booker, Michael Borders, Ronald Boutte, Siras Bowens, Lynn Bowers, Frank Bowling, David Bustill Bowser, David Patterson Boyd, David Bradford, Harold Bradford, Peter Bradley, Fred Bragg, Winston Branch, Brumsic Brandon, James Brantley, William Braxton, Bruce Brice, Arthur Britt, James Britton, Sylvester Britton, Moe Brooker, Bernard Brooks, Mable Brooks, Oraston Brooks-el, David Scott Brown, Elmer Brown, Fred Brown, Frederick Brown, Grafton Brown, James Andrew Brown, Joshua Brown, Kay Brown, Marvin Brown, Richard Brown, Samuel Brown, Vivian Browne, Henry Brownlee, Beverly Buchanan, Selma Burke, Arlene Burke-Morgan, Calvin Burnett, Margaret Burroughs, Cecil Burton, Charles Burwell, Nathaniel Bustion, David Butler, Carole Byard, Albert Byrd, Walter Cade, Joyce Cadoo, Bernard Cameron, Simms Campbell, Frederick Campbell, Thomas Cannon (as Canon), Nicholas Canyon, John Carlis, Arthur Carraway, Albert Carter, Allen Carter, George Carter, Grant Carter, Ivy Carter, Keithen Carter, Robert Carter, William Carter, Yvonne Carter, George Washington Carver, Bernard Casey, Yvonne Catchings, Elizabeth Catlett, Frances Catlett, Mitchell Caton, Catti, Charlotte Chambless, Dana Chandler, John Chandler, Robin Chandler, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Kitty Chavis, Edward Christmas, Petra Cintron, George Clack, Claude Clark Sr., Claude Lockhart Clark, Edward Clark, Irene Clark, LeRoy Clarke, Pauline Clay, Denise Cobb, Gylbert Coker, Marion Elizabeth Cole, Archie Coleman, Floyd Coleman, Donald Coles, Robert Colescott, Carolyn Collins, Paul Collins, Richard Collins, Samuel Collins, Don Concholar, Wallace Conway, Houston Conwill, William A. Cooper, Arthur Coppedge, Jean Cornwell, Eldzier Cortor, Samuel Countee, Harold Cousins, Cleo Crawford, Marva Cremer, Ernest Crichlow, Norma Criss, Allan Rohan Crite, Harvey Cropper, Geraldine Crossland, Rushie Croxton, Doris Crudup, Dewey Crumpler, Emilio Cruz, Charles Cullen (White artist), Vince Cullers, Michael Cummings, Urania Cummings, DeVon Cunningham, Samuel Curtis, William Curtis, Artis Dameron, Mary Reed Daniel, Aaron Darling, Alonzo Davis, Bing Davis, Charles Davis, Dale Davis, Rachel Davis, Theresa Davis, Ulysses Davis, Walter Lewis Davis, Charles C. Davis, William Dawson, Juette Day, Roy DeCarava, Avel DeKnight, Beauford Delaney, Joseph Delaney, Nadine Delawrence, Louis Delsarte, Richard Dempsey, J. Brooks Dendy, III (as Brooks Dendy), James Denmark, Murry DePillars, Joseph DeVillis, Robert D'Hue, Kenneth Dickerson, Voris Dickerson, Charles Dickson, Frank Dillon, Leo Dillon, Robert Dilworth, James Donaldson, Jeff Donaldson, Lillian Dorsey, William Dorsey, Aaron Douglas, Emory Douglas, Calvin Douglass, Glanton Dowdell, John Dowell, Sam Doyle, David Driskell, Ulric S. Dunbar, Robert Duncanson, Eugenia Dunn, John Morris Dunn, Edward Dwight, Adolphus Ealey, Lawrence Edelin, William Edmondson, Anthony Edwards, Melvin Edwards, Eugene Eda [as Edy], John Elder, Maurice Ellison, Walter Ellison, Mae Engron, Annette Easley, Marion Epting, Melvyn Ettrick (as Melvin), Clifford Eubanks, Minnie Evans, Darrell Evers, Frederick Eversley, Cyril Fabio, James Fairfax, Kenneth Falana, Josephus Farmer, John Farrar, William Farrow, Malaika Favorite, Elton Fax, Tom Feelings, Claude Ferguson, Violet Fields, Lawrence Fisher, Thomas Flanagan, Walter Flax, Frederick Flemister, Mikelle Fletcher, Curt Flood, Batunde Folayemi, George Ford, Doyle Foreman, Leroy Foster, Walker Foster, John Francis, Richard Franklin, Ernest Frazier, Allan Freelon, Gloria Freeman, Pam Friday, John Fudge, Meta Fuller, Ibibio Fundi, Ramon Gabriel, Alice Gafford, West Gale, George Gamble, Reginald Gammon, Christine Gant, Jim Gary, Adolphus Garrett, Leroy Gaskin, Lamerol Gatewood, Herbert Gentry, Joseph Geran, Ezekiel Gibbs, William Giles, Sam Gilliam, Robert Glover, William Golding, Paul Goodnight, Erma Gordon, L. T. Gordon, Robert Gordon, Russell Gordon, Rex Goreleigh, Bernard Goss, Joe Grant, Oscar Graves, Todd Gray, Annabelle Green, James Green, Jonathan Green, Robert Green, Donald Greene, Michael Greene, Joseph Grey, Charles Ron Griffin, Eugene Grigsby, Raymond Grist, Michael Gude, Ethel Guest, John Hailstalk, Charles Haines, Horathel Hall, Karl Hall, Wesley Hall, Edward Hamilton, Eva Hamlin-Miller, David Hammons, James Hampton, Phillip Hampton, Marvin Harden, Inge Hardison, John Hardrick, Edwin Harleston, William Harper, Hugh Harrell, Oliver Harrington, Gilbert Harris, Hollon Harris, John Harris, Scotland J. B. Harris, Warren Harris, Bessie Harvey, Maren Hassinger, Thelma Hawkins, William Hawkins, Frank Hayden, Kitty Hayden, Palmer Hayden, William Hayden, Vertis Hayes, Anthony Haynes, Wilbur Haynie, Benjamin Hazard, June Hector, Dion Henderson, Napoleon Jones-Henderson, William Henderson, Barkley Hendricks, Gregory Henry, Robert Henry, Ernest Herbert, James Herring, Mark Hewitt, Leon Hicks, Renalda Higgins, Hector Hill, Felrath Hines, Alfred Hinton, Tim Hinton, Adrienne Hoard, Irwin Hoffman, Raymond Holbert, Geoffrey Holder, Robin Holder, Lonnie Holley, Alvin Hollingsworth, Eddie Holmes, Varnette Honeywood, Earl J. Hooks, Ray Horner, Paul Houzell, Helena Howard, Humbert Howard, John Howard, Mildred Howard, Raymond Howell, William Howell, Calvin Hubbard, Henry Hudson, Julien Hudson, James Huff, Manuel Hughes, Margo Humphrey, Raymond Hunt, Richard Hunt, Clementine Hunter, Elliott Hunter, Arnold Hurley, Bill Hutson, Zell Ingram, Sue Irons, A. B. Jackson, Gerald Jackson, Harlan Jackson, Hiram Jackson, May Jackson, Oliver Jackson, Robert Jackson, Suzanne Jackson, Walter Jackson, Martha Jackson-Jarvis, Bob James, Wadsworth Jarrell, Jasmin Joseph [as Joseph Jasmin], Archie Jefferson, Rosalind Jeffries, Noah Jemison, Barbara Fudge Jenkins, Florian Jenkins, Chester Jennings, Venola Jennings, Wilmer Jennings, Georgia Jessup, Johana, Daniel Johnson, Edith Johnson, Harvey Johnson, Herbert Johnson, Jeanne Johnson, Malvin Gray Johnson, Marie Johnson-Calloway, Milton Johnson, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Joshua Johnston, Ben Jones, Calvin Jones, Dorcas Jones, Frank A. Jones, Frederic Jones, Henry B. Jones, Johnny Jones, Lawrence Arthur Jones, Leon Jones, Lois Mailou Jones, Nathan Jones, Tonnie Jones, Napoleon Jones-Henderson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, Jack Jordan, Cliff Joseph, Ronald Joseph, Lemuel Joyner, Edward Judie, Michael Kabu, Arthur Kaufman, Charles Keck, Paul Keene, John Kendrick, Harriet Kennedy, Leon Kennedy, Joseph Kersey; Virginia Kiah, Henri King, James King, Gwendolyn Knight, Robert Knight, Lawrence Kolawole, Brenda Lacy, (Laura) Jean Lacy, Roy LaGrone, Artis Lane, Doyle Lane, Raymond Lark, Carolyn Lawrence, Jacob Lawrence, James Lawrence, Clarence Lawson, Louis LeBlanc, James Lee, Hughie Lee-Smith, Lizetta LeFalle-Collins, Leon Leonard, Bruce LeVert, Edmonia Lewis, Edwin E. Lewis, Flora Lewis, James E. Lewis, Norman Lewis, Roy Lewis, Samella Lewis, Elba Lightfoot, Charles Lilly [as Lily], Arturo Lindsay, Henry Linton, Jules Lion, James Little, Marcia Lloyd, Tom Lloyd, Jon Lockard, Donald Locke, Lionel Lofton, Juan Logan, Bert Long, Willie Longshore, Edward Loper, Francisco Lord, Jesse Lott, Edward Love, Nina Lovelace, Whitfield Lovell, Alvin Loving, Ramon Loy, William Luckett, John Lutz, Don McAllister, Theadius McCall, Dindga McCannon, Edward McCluney, Jesse McCowan, Sam McCrary, Geraldine McCullough, Lawrence McGaugh, Charles McGee, Donald McIlvaine, Karl McIntosh, Joseph Mack, Edward McKay, Thomas McKinney, Alexander McMath, Robert McMillon, William McNeil, Lloyd McNeill, Clarence Major, William Majors, David Mann, Ulysses Marshall, Phillip Lindsay Mason, Lester Mathews, Sharon Matthews, William (Bill) Maxwell, Gordon Mayes, Marietta Mayes, Richard Mayhew, Valerie Maynard, Victoria Meek, Leon Meeks, Yvonne Meo, Helga Meyer, Gaston Micheaux, Charles Mickens, Samuel Middleton, Onnie Millar, Aaron Miller, Algernon Miller, Don Miller, Earl Miller, Eva Hamlin Miller, Guy Miller, Julia Miller, Charles Milles, Armsted Mills, Edward Mills, Lev Mills, Priscilla Mills (P'lla), Carol Mitchell, Corinne Mitchell, Tyrone Mitchell, Arthur Monroe, Elizabeth Montgomery, Ronald Moody, Ted Moody, Frank Moore, Ron Moore, Sabra Moore, Theophilus Moore, William Moore, Leedell Moorehead, Scipio Moorhead, Clarence Morgan, Norma Morgan, Sister Gertrude Morgan, Patricia Morris, Keith Morrison, Lee Jack Morton, Jimmie Mosely, David Mosley, Lottie Moss, Archibald Motley, Hugh Mulzac, Betty Murchison, J. B. Murry, Teixera Nash, Inez Nathaniel, Frank Neal, George Neal, Jerome Neal, Robert Neal, Otto Neals, Robert Newsome, James Newton, Rochelle Nicholas, John Nichols, Isaac Nommo, Oliver Nowlin, Trudell Obey, Constance Okwumabua, Osira Olatunde, Kermit Oliver, Yaounde Olu, Ademola Olugebefola, Mary O'Neal, Haywood Oubré, Simon Outlaw, John Outterbridge, Joseph Overstreet, Carl Owens, Winnie Owens-Hart, Lorenzo Pace, William Pajaud, Denise Palm, James Pappas, Christopher Parks, James Parks, Louise Parks, Vera Parks, Oliver Parson, James Pate, Edgar Patience, John Payne, Leslie Payne, Sandra Peck, Alberto Pena, Angela Perkins, Marion Perkins, Michael Perry, Bertrand Phillips, Charles James Phillips, Harper Phillips, Ted Phillips, Delilah Pierce, Elijah Pierce, Harold Pierce, Anderson Pigatt, Stanley Pinckney, Howardena Pindell, Elliott Pinkney, Jerry Pinkney, Robert Pious, Adrian Piper, Horace Pippin, Betty Pitts, Stephanie Pogue, Naomi Polk, Charles Porter, James Porter, Georgette Powell, Judson Powell, Richard Powell, Daniel Pressley, Leslie Price, Ramon Price, Nelson Primus, Arnold Prince, E. (Evelyn?) Proctor, Nancy Prophet, Ronnie Prosser, William Pryor, Noah Purifoy, Florence Purviance, Martin Puryear, Mavis Pusey, Teodoro Ramos Blanco y Penita, Helen Ramsaran, Joseph Randolph; Thomas Range, Frank Rawlings, Jennifer Ray, Maxine Raysor, Patrick Reason, Roscoe Reddix, Junius Redwood, James Reed, Jerry Reed, Donald Reid, O. Richard Reid, Robert Reid, Leon Renfro, John Rhoden, Ben Richardson, Earle Richardson, Enid Richardson, Gary Rickson, John Riddle, Gregory Ridley, Faith Ringgold, Haywood Rivers, Arthur Roach, Malkia Roberts, Royal Robertson, Aminah Robinson, Charles Robinson, John N. Robinson, Peter L. Robinson, Brenda Rogers, Charles Rogers, Herbert Rogers, Juanita Rogers, Sultan Rogers, Bernard Rollins, Henry Rollins, Arthur Rose, Charles Ross, James Ross, Nellie Mae Rowe, Sandra Rowe, Nancy Rowland, Winfred Russsell, Mahler Ryder, Alison Saar, Betye Saar, Charles Sallee, JoeSam., Marion Sampler, Bert Samples, Juan Sanchez, Eve Sandler, Walter Sanford, Floyd Sapp, Raymond Saunders, Augusta Savage, Ann Sawyer, Sydney Schenck, Vivian Schuyler Key, John Scott (Johnny) , John Tarrell Scott, Joyce Scott, William Scott, Charles Searles, Charles Sebree, Bernard Sepyo, Bennie Settles, Franklin Shands, Frank Sharpe, Christopher Shelton, Milton Sherrill, Thomas Sills, Gloria Simmons, Carroll Simms, Jewell Simon, Walter Simon, Coreen Simpson, Ken Simpson, Merton Simpson, William Simpson, Michael Singletary (as Singletry), Nathaniel Sirles, Margaret Slade (Kelley), Van Slater, Louis Sloan, Albert A. Smith, Alfred J. Smith, Alvin Smith, Arenzo Smith, Dolphus Smith, Floyd Smith, Frank Smith, George Smith, Howard Smith, John Henry Smith, Marvin Smith, Mary T. Smith, Sue Jane Smith, Vincent Smith, William Smith, Zenobia Smith, Rufus Snoddy, Sylvia Snowden, Carroll Sockwell, Ben Solowey, Edgar Sorrells, Georgia Speller, Henry Speller, Shirley Stark, David Stephens, Lewis Stephens, Walter Stephens, Erik Stephenson, Nelson Stevens, Mary Stewart, Renée Stout, Edith Strange, Thelma Streat, Richard Stroud, Dennis Stroy, Charles Suggs, Sharon Sulton, Johnnie Swearingen, Earle Sweeting, Roderick Sykes, Clarence Talley, Ann Tanksley, Henry O. Tanner, James Tanner, Ralph Tate, Carlton Taylor, Cecil Taylor, Janet Taylor Pickett, Lawrence Taylor, William (Bill) Taylor, Herbert Temple, Emerson Terry, Evelyn Terry, Freida Tesfagiorgis, Alma Thomas, Charles Thomas, James "Son Ford" Thomas, Larry Erskine Thomas, Matthew Thomas, Roy Thomas, William Thomas (a.k.a. Juba Solo), Conrad Thompson, Lovett Thompson, Mildred Thompson, Phyllis Thompson, Bob Thompson, Russ Thompson, Dox Thrash, Mose Tolliver, William Tolliver, Lloyd Toone, John Torres, Elaine Towns, Bill Traylor, Charles Tucker, Clive Tucker, Yvonne Edwards Tucker, Charlene Tull, Donald Turner, Leo Twiggs, Alfred Tyler, Anna Tyler, Barbara Tyson-Mosley, Bernard Upshur, Jon Urquhart, Florestee Vance, Ernest Varner, Royce Vaughn, George Victory, Harry Vital, Ruth Waddy, Annie Walker, Charles Walker, Clinton Walker, Earl Walker, Lawrence Walker, Raymond Walker [a.k.a. Bo Walker], William Walker, Bobby Walls, Daniel Warburg, Eugene Warburg, Denise Ward-Brown, Evelyn Ware, Laura Waring, Masood Ali Warren, Horace Washington, James Washington, Mary Washington, Timothy Washington, Richard Waters, James Watkins, Curtis Watson, Howard Watson, Willard Watson, Richard Waytt, Claude Weaver, Stephanie Weaver, Clifton Webb, Derek Webster, Edward Webster, Albert Wells, James Wells, Roland Welton, Barbara Wesson, Pheoris West, Lamonte Westmoreland, Charles White, Cynthia White, Franklin White, George White, J. Philip White, Jack White (sculptor), Jack White (painter), John Whitmore, Jack Whitten, Garrett Whyte, Benjamin Wigfall, Bertie Wiggs, Deborah Wilkins, Timothy Wilkins, Billy Dee Williams, Chester Williams, Douglas Williams, Frank Williams, George Williams, Gerald Williams, Jerome Williams, Jose Williams, Laura Williams, Matthew Williams, Michael K. Williams, Pat Ward Williams, Randy Williams, Roy Lee Williams, Todd Williams, Walter Williams, William T. Williams, Yvonne Williams, Philemona Williamson, Stan Williamson, Luster Willis, A. B. Wilson, Edward Wilson, Ellis Wilson, Fred Wilson, George Wilson, Henry Wilson, John Wilson, Stanley C. Wilson, Linda Windle, Eugene Winslow, Vernon Winslow, Cedric Winters, Viola Wood, Hale Woodruff, Roosevelt Woods, Shirley Woodson, Beulah Woodard, Bernard Wright, Dmitri Wright, Estella Viola Wright, George Wright, Richard Wyatt, Frank Wyley, Richard Yarde, James Yeargans, Joseph Yoakum, Bernard Young, Charles Young, Clarence Young, Kenneth Young, Milton Young.

UNIVERSITY PARK (MD). David C. Driskell Center, University of Maryland.
Tradition Redefined: The Larry and Brenda Thompson Collection of African American Art.
February 18-May 29, 2009.
101 pp. exhib. cat., illus. Artists included: Charles Alston, Benny Andrews, Herman Kofi Bailey, Radcliffe Bailey, Amiri Baraka, Camille J. Billops, Moe Brooker, Vivian Browne, Archie Byron, Carl Christian, Claude Clark, Sr., Kevin E. Cole, Ernest Crichlow, Beauford Delaney, Joseph Delaney, Louis Delsarte, David C. Driskell, Michael Ellison, David Fludd, Ramon Gabriel, Reginald Gammon, Sam Gilliam, John W. Hardrick, Palmer Hayden, Vertis Hayes, Humbert Howard, Stefanie Jackson, Wadsworth A. Jarrell, Fred Jones, Lois Mailou Jones, Ronald Joseph, Larry Lebby, Norman Lewis, Donald Locke, James H. Malone, Edward Martin, Richard Mayhew, Valerie Maynard, Ealy Mays, E.J. Montgomery, Norma Morgan, Hayward Oubre, Joe Overstreet, Howardena Pindell, Charles Porter, James A. Porter, Teri Richardson, Preston Sampson, William E. Scott, Charles Sebree, Jewel Simon, Walter A. Simon, Thelma Johnson Streat, Freddy Styles, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Bill Taylor, Bob Thompson, Mildred J. Thompson, Larry Walker, Joyce Wellman, Jack H. White, William T. Williams, Ellis Wilson, Hale Woodruff, Hartwell Yeargans, James Yeargans.

WASHINGTON (DC). Department of Art, Howard University.
8th Annual Faculty Exhibition.
March 22-April 14, 1978.
46 pp., 39 b&w illus. including photos of artists and their work, statements by artists and others, exhibition checklist of 83 works. Artists include: Lila O. Asher (white artist), Michael Auld, Skunder Boghossian, Starmanda Bullock (Featherstone), Doris Colbert, David Driskell, Raymond Dobard, Kojo Fosu, Winston Kennedy, Ed Love, Winnie Owens, Malkia Roberts, Alfred J. Smith, Jr., Frank E. Smith, Edgar Sorrells-Adewale, Mildred Thompson, James Wells. Oblong 4to, stapled wraps. First ed.

WASHINGTON (DC). Howard University Gallery of Art.
A Proud Continuum: Eight Decades of Art at Howard University.
March 7-May 29, 2005.
ix, 231 pp., 185 color plates, 108 b&w illus., Ed. by Carolyn E. Shuttlesworth. 6 essays, checklist, index. The exhibit features the work of 122 artists, all of whom are alumni/ae of Howard University. Includes (among others): Akili Ron Anderson, Gwendolyn D. Carter Aqui, Scott W. Baker, Dierdre Bell, Donald S. Benjamin, Jane Wheat Bettistea, Lois Moore Blackwell, Kabuya Pamela Bowens, Douglas L. Boyd, Hilda Wilkinson Brown, Starmanda Bullock, Roslyn Cambridge, Elizabeth Catlett, Irene V. Clark, Donald S. Benjamin, Houston Conwill, Terry deBardelaben, David Driskell, Jeffrey John Fearing, Gloria T. Freeman, Aziza Claudia Gibson-Hunter, Jarvis Grant, Bill Harris, Michael D. Harris, Winston Harris, Jesse Anthony Henry, Allen C. Jackson, Hubert Jackson, Jeanne C. Jarvis, Lois Mailou Jones, Anita Holman Knox, Wosene Kosrof, Viola Burley Leak, Barbara Madden-Swain, Faheem Majeed, Desmond McFarlane, Rudolf Mendes, Evelyn Mitchell, Walter O. Neal, Joyce Owens, Winnie Owens-Hart, Helen Louise C. Pettis, Delilah Pierce, Robert Pious, Michael B. Platt, Zenobia A. Rickford, Percy Ricks, Dan Terry Reid, Malkia Roberts, Lou Stovall, Edith Strange, James S. Terrell, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, Kathleen Funches Varnell, Valerie C. White, Falaka Yimer. 4to, wraps. First ed.

WASHINGTON (DC). Howard University Gallery of Art.
New Vistas in American Art.
March-April, 1961.
24 pp., 25 b&w plates, 3 photos (of the prize-winning artists Selma Burke, Meta Fuller, John Rhoden), cover illus., checklist of 117 works. Text by James A. Porter. Jury includes Hughie Lee-Smith and James Lesesne Wells. Painters in exhibition include: Frank Allison, Margaret Burroughs, Ernest Crichlow, Richard Dempsey, David Driskell, Eugenia Dunn, Rex Goreleigh, Phillip J. Hampton, Humbert Howard, Harlan Jackson, Lois Mailou Jones, Alan Junier, Paul Keene, Hughie Lee-Smith, Edward Loper, Charles McGee, Jimmie Mosely, J. Dallas Parks, Delilah Pierce, Harper Phillips, James Porter, Percy Ricks, Jewel Simon, Alma Thomas, Mildred Thompson, James Watkins, James Wells, Ellis Wilson, William White; sculptors include: William Artis, Elizabeth Catlett, Earl Hooks, Sargent Johnson, Jack Jordan, James E. Lewis, Marion Perkins, Gregory Ridley, Charles Stallings, William (Bill) Taylor. Graphic artists included A. B. Jackson, James E. Lewis, Norma Morgan, Harper T. Phillips, Charles Stallings, James Lesesne Wells, Charles White. 8vo, stapled pictorial wraps.

WASHINGTON (DC). National Museum of American Art.
Free Within Ourselves: African-American Artists in the Collection of the National Museum of American Art.
1992.
205 pp., over 100 illus., 90 in excellent color, bibliog., list of works, checklist of 105 artists represented in National Museum of American Art. Curated and text by Regenia A. Perry. 32 artists discussed: Edward Mitchell Bannister, Romare Bearden, John Biggers, Frederick J. Brown, Elizabeth Catlett, Allan Rohan Crite, Beauford Delaney, Robert Scott Duncanson, William Edmondson, Minnie Evans, Sam Gilliam, James Hampton, Palmer Hayden, Richard Hunt, Joshua Johnson, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Frank Jones, Lois Mailou Jones, Jacob Lawrence, Edmonia Lewis, Sister Gertrude Morgan, Keith Morrison, Marilyn Nance, James A. Porter, Augusta Savage, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Alma Thomas, Bob Thompson, Bill Traylor, Hale Woodruff, and Joseph Yoakum. Other artists mentioned as part of the collection, but not featured: Leroy Almon, Emma Amos, Benny Andrews, Steve Ashby, Ed Bereal, Wendell T. Brooks, Samuel Joseph Brown, Vivian E. Browne, Richard Burnside, Claude Clark, Houston Conwill, Eldzier Cortor, Emilio Cruz, William Dawson, Hilliard Dean, Roy DeCarava, Joseph Delaney, Richard Dempsey, Arthur "Pete" Dilbert, John Edward Dowell, Jr., Melvin Edwards, Frederick Eversley, Josephus Farmer, Walter Flax, Roland L. Freeman, Herbert Gentry, William Hawkins, Felrath Hines, Lonnie Holley, Margo Humphrey, Mr. Imagination, Keith Jenkins, Malvin Gray Johnson, Larry Francis Lebby, Norman Lewis, Ed Loper, Richard Mayhew, Eric Calvin McDonald, Lloyd McNeill, Robert McNeill, Inez Nathaniel-Walker, Joseph Norman, Leslie Payne, Elijah Pierce, Howardena Pindell, Michael Platt, Earle Richardson, John N. Robinson, Nellie Mae Rowe, Charles Sallee Charles Searles, Charles Sebree, Frank Smith, Edgar Sorrells-Adewale, Henry Speller, Raymond Steth, Lou Stovall, Jimmie Lee Sudduth, Mildred Thompson, Dox Thrash, Mose Tolliver, Laura Wheeler Waring, James W. Washington, Jr., Edward B. Webster, James Lesesne Wells, Charles White, Franklin A. White, George W. White, Jr., Ellis Wilson, Richard Yarde, Kenneth Young. [Traveled to: Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT; IBM Gallery of Science and Art, New York, NY; Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, CA; Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, TN; The Columbus Museum, Columbus, GA.] Small 4to, cloth, dust jacket. First ed.

WEST NYACK (NY). Rockland Center for the Arts.
African-American Printmaking, 1838 to the Present.
October 8-November 19, 1995.
26 pp. exhib. cat., 9 b&w illus., brief but substantial biogs. of each artist, full exhib. checklist. Text by Harry Henderson. Group exhibition. Co-curated by Cynthia Hawkins and Lena Hyun. Included 74 works by 46 artists: Benny Andrews, Romare Bearden, John T. Biggers, Camille Billops, Bob Blackburn, Marvin Brown, Vivian E. Browne, Selma Burke, Margaret Burroughs, Nanette Carter, Elizabeth Catlett, Eldzier Cortor, Ernest Crichlow, Allan Rohan Crite, Melvin Edwards, Elton Fax, Allan R. Freelon, Robin Holder, Margo Humphrey, Wilmer Jennings, Sargent Johnson, William H. Johnson, Ronald Joseph, Mohammad Omer Khalil, Jacob Lawrence, Hughie Lee-Smith, Norman Lewis, Alvin D. Loving, William Majors, Richard Mayhew, Stephanie Pogue, Patrick Reason, Faith Ringgold, Aminah Brenda L. Robinson, Albert A. Smith, Vincent D. Smith, Raymond Steth, Henry Ossawa Tanner, Mildred Thompson, Dox Thrash, James Lesesne Wells, Charles White, Michael Kelly Williams, William T. Williams, John Wilson, and Hale Woodruff. Oblong 8vo, stapled pictorial wraps. First ed.